Informatics Publishing Limited

Shiv Kumar Yadav ¹, Pratibha Kumari ¹, D. K. Paul ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna-800 005, Bihar, IN

Abstract

The present investigation deals with the toxic effect of a common insecticide parathion on total and differential count of an air-breathing fish Clarias batrachus. In four different concentrations (2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm and 8 ppm, of parathion for 96 hrs to Clarias batrachus, a gradual and significant increase in total leucocytes with parathion concentrations was observed. Total percentage of lymphocytes showed marked increase in all the test animals exposed to different concentrations of the toxicant. Significant decrease in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes were also observed in parathion exposed animals.

Keywords

Acute Toxic Effects, Parathion, Leucocytes, Clarias batrachus.

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Shiv Kumar Yadav ¹, Manish Kumar Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, IN

Abstract

Occupational particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured during November 2014 along a road network in the mining and non-mining areas at Jharia coalfield, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. The monitoring was conducted for a week in the peak time using a portable GRIMM (model 1.109) aerosol spectrometer. Measured PM was designated as inhalable, thoracic and alveolic particles for aerodynamic diameter 10- 34, 4-10 and less than 4 m respectively. The main sources of PM along the roadside in the study area were mining operations as well as heavy traffic and resuspension of road dust. Concentration of inhalable particles was maximum at Bankmore (BMO), whereas concentration of thoracic and alveolic particles was maximum at Katrasmore (KMO) in the mining area. Concentration of all three types of particles was minimum at the Indian School of Mines in the non-mining area. The distribution curves of inhalable particles were positively skewed and platykurtic in nature, whereas for thoracic and alveolic particles these curves were positively skewed at all locations, except BMO and also platykurtic in nature, except Godhar (GDR). Contribution of alveoli particle sizes for 0.375 and 2.750 μm was observed to be significant in the mining area, whereas thoracic particle size for 5.750 μm and inhalable particle size for 22.500 μm were also observed to be higher in the mining area, except Matkuria check post and Kustaur. The results reveal that residents and local passengers were exposed to a prodigious amount of inhalable, thoracic and alveolic concentrations in the mining area, mostly at BMO, GDR and KMO.

Keywords

Open Cast Coal Mining, Particulate Matter, Road Network, Traffic Volume Count.

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Shiv Kumar Yadav ¹, Dharmendra Kumar Gangwar ¹, Jarnail Singh ¹, Chiranjeev Kumar Tikadar ¹, V. Vinoth Khanna ¹, Sudha Saini ¹, Sunny Dholpuria ¹, Prabhat Palta ¹, Radhey Shyam Manik ¹, Manoj Kumar Singh ¹, Suresh Kumar Singla ¹

Affiliations
1 Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Separation of X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm has been practiced for selection of desired sex of offspring to increase the profit in livestock industries. At present, fluorescence-activated cell sorter is the only successful method for separation of X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm. This technology is based on the differences in DNA content between these two types of sperm and has been commercialized for bovine sperm. However, this technology still has problems in terms of high economic cost, sperm damage, and lower pregnancy rates compared to unsorted semen. Therefore, an inexpensive, convenient, and non-invasive approach for sperm sexing would be of benefit to agricultural sector. Within this perspective, immunological sperm sexing method is one of the attractive choices to separate X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm. This article reviews the current knowledge about immunological approaches, viz., H-Y antigen, sex-specific antigens, and differentially expressed proteins for sperm sexing. Moreover, this review also highlighted the different methods for identification of X- and Y-sperm.

Keywords

Differentially Expressed Proteins, H-Y Antigen, Sex Specific Proteins, Sperm Identification, Sperm Sexing.

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